Variables

Morals and Values

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Source (Section)	Definition
Individualism & Collectivism	indiv_collectivism	Individualism score	numeric	Individualism & Collectivism	The mean of ic_01 : ic_16
Rebelliousness (complete)	rebel_all	Rebelliousness score	numeric	Rebelliousness	The mean of rb_01 : rb_09
Rebelliousness (trolling)	rebel_troll	Rebelliousness trolling score	numeric	Rebelliousness	The mean of rb_01 : rb_04
Rebelliousness (activism)	rebel_act	Rebelliousness activism score	numeric	Rebelliousness	The mean of rb_05 : rb_09
Individual Choice Norms	choice_norms	Individual choice norms score	numeric	Individual Choice Norms	The mean of icn_01 : icn_06

Cognitive Styles

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Source (Section)	Definition
Tolerance of Ambiguity	ambiguity_tol	Tolerance of ambiguity score	numeric	Tolerance of Ambiguity	The mean of at_01: at_13
Cognitive Style (correct)	crt_correct	Proportion correct cogntive styles questions	numeric/binomial	Thinking Style	The mean (proportion) of crt_01: crt_07 that are correct
Cognitive Style (intuitive)	crt_type	Proportion intuitive cogntive styles questions	numeric/binomial	Thinking Style	The mean (proportion) of crt_01:crt_07 that are intuitive
Non-Verbal Reasoning	nverb_reason	Non-verbal reasoning score	numeric	Non-Verbal Reasoning	Sum of correct answers of nverb_01: nverb:12
Moralisation of Rationality	rationality_moral	Moralisation of rationality score	numeric	Moralisation of Rationality	The mean of mor_01 : mor_09
Importance of Rationality	rationality_imp	Importance of rationality score	numeric	Importance of Rationality	The mean of imp_01 : imp_06

Socialisation

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Source (Section)	Definition
CRED Exposure	cred	CRED exposure score	numeric	CREDs	sum of cred_caregiver + cred_group + cred_hometown + cred_highschool*
CRED (Caregiver) Exposure	cred_caregiver	Caregiver CRED exposure score	numeric	CREDs	sum of cred_01: cred_06*
CRED (Group Leader) Exposure	cred_group_ldr	Group leader CRED exposure score	numeric	CREDs	cred_11 + cred_20*
CRED (Group Member) Exposure	cred_group_mbr	Group member CRED exposure score	numeric	CREDs	sum of cred_13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25)*
CRED (Group) Exposure	cred_group	Group CRED exposure score	numeric	CREDs	sum of cred_group_ldr + cred_group_mbr*
CRED (Hometown) Exposure	cred_hometown	Hometown CRED exposure score	ordinal	CREDs	cred_28
CRED (High School) Exposure	cred_highschool	Highschool CRED exposure score	ordinal	CREDs	cred_30
Sincerity (Group Leader)	sinc_group_ldr	Sincerity of group leader question response	ordinal	CREDs	mean of cred_10: cred_19*
Sincerity (Group Members)	sinc_group_mbr	Sincerity of group members question response	ordinal	CREDs	mean of cred_12: cred_21*
Sincerity (Hometown)	sinc_hometown	Sincerity of hometown question response	ordinal	CREDs	cred_28
Sincerity (High school)	sinc_highschool	Sincerity of highschool question response	ordinal	CREDs	cred_31
Percentage Believers (Hometown)	believers_hometown	Percentage of hometown believers response	numeric	CREDs	cred_26
Percentage Believers (High School)	believers_highschool	Percentage of highschool believers response	numeric	CREDs	cred_29
CRUD Exposure	crud	CRUD score	numeric	CRUDs	sum of crud_01 : crud_03*
CRUD (Caregiver)	crud_caregiver	Caregiver CRUD score	ordinal	CRUDs	crud_01
CRUD (Group Members)	crud_group_mbr	Group member CRUD score	ordinal	CRUDs	crud_02
CRUD (Group Leaders)	crud_group_ldr	Group leader CRUD score	ordinal	CRUDs	crud_03
CRUD (Group)	crud_group	Group CRUD score	numeric	CRUDs	sum of crud_02 , 03
Non-Theistic Socialisation	nontheistic_soc	Non-theistic socialisation score	numeric	Non Theistic Socialisation	mean of nts_01: nts_08
Normativity of Religion (all)	normativity	Normativity of religion score	numeric	Normativity of Religion	mean of norm_01: norm_12
Normativity of Religion (Nation)	normativity_nat	Nation normativity of religion score	ordinal	Normativity of Religion	mean of norm_01: norm_03
Normativity of Religion (Ethnicity)	normativity_eth	Ethnicity normativity of religion score	ordinal	Normativity of Religion	mean of norm_04: norm_06
Normativity of Religion (Peers)	normativity_peer	Peer normativity of religion score	ordinal	Normativity of Religion	mean of norm_07: norm_09
Normativity of Religion (Group)	normativity_grp	Group normativity of religion score	ordinal	Normativity of Religion	mean of norm_10: norm_12
Religious Emphasis	relig_emph	Religious emphasis score	numeric	Religious Emphasis	mean of re_01: re_09
Parental Circumstances	parental_circ	Parental Circumstance. Options: Living with own mother and father Living with two mothers Living with two fathers Living with own father and stepmother Living with own mother and stepfather Living with own father only Living with own mother only Living with other relatives Don't Know Other (please specify)	categorical	Parental Circumstances	pc_01
Parental Absence Reason	parent_absence	Parental Absence. Options: Mother deceased Father deceased Both parents deceased Parents divorced or separated Father absent (e.g. armed forces, institution) Mother absent (e.g. armed forces, institution) Both parents absent (e.g. armed forces) Other (please specify) Don’t know	categorical	Parental Circumstances	pc_02

Motivational

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Source (Section)	Definition
Social Desirability	social_desire	Social Desirability score	numeric	Social Desirability	mean sd_01: sd_08
Existential Security (current)	ex_sec_cur	Current existential security score	numeric	Existential Security	mean es_01: es_07
Existential Security (future)	ex_sec_future	Future existential security score	numeric	Existential Security	mean es_08: es_14
Existential Security (upbringing)	ex_sec_upb	Upbringing existential security score	numeric	Existential Security	mean es_15: es_21
Social Security	social_sec	Social security score	numeric	Existential Security	mean ss_01: ss_03
Wealth Inequality	wealth_ineq	Wealth inequality score	numeric	Existential Security	mean wi_01: wi_03
Social Trust	social_trust	Social trust score	numeric	Existential Security	mean st_01: st_03
Need for Structure	need_structure	Need for structure score	numeric	Need for Structure	mean nfs_01: nfs_12
Death Anxiety	death_anxiety	Death anxiety score	numeric	Death Anxiety	mean da_01: da_12
Social Network Size	soc_network_size	Social Network size score	numeric	Social Network Size	count elements of sns_01
Meaning in Life	meaning_life	Meaning in life score	numeric	Need for Meaning	mean mlq_01: mlq_10
Need for Meaning	meaning_need	Need for meaning score	numeric	Need for Meaning	mean nfm_01 : nfm_10
Disgust Sensitivity	disgust_sens	Disgust sensitivity score	numeric	Disgust Sensitivity	sum of ds_01:25
Disgust Sensitivity (core)	disgust_core	Core disgust sensitivity score	numeric	Disgust Sensitivity	sum of ds__01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23
Disgust Sensitivity (animal)	disgust_animal	Animal disgust sensitivity score	numeric	Disgust Sensitivity	sum of ds_06, 07, 08, 09, 13, 19, 20, 21
Disgust Sensitivity (contamination)	disgust_contamin	Contamination disgust sensitivity score	numeric	Disgust Sensitivity	sum of ds_10, 11, 22, 24, 25

Cognitive Biases

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Source (Section)	Definition
Anthropomorphism	anthropomorphism	Anthropomorphism score	numeric	Anthropomorphism	mean anth_01: anth_10
Mentalizing	mentalizing	Mentalizing score	numeric	Mentalizing	mean mnt_01: mnt_22
Dualism	dualism	Dualism score	numeric	Dualism	mean dua_01: dua_10
Pattern Perception	pattern_percep	Pattern perception score	numeric	Pattern Perception	mean pp_01: pp_10
Pattern Perception (long)	pattern_percep_l	Response to pp_11	ordinal/ numeric	Pattern Perception	pp_11
Promiscuous Teleology	promisc_teleology	Promiscuous Teleology Score	numeric	Promiscuous Teleology	mean tel_01: tel_14
Schizotypy	schizotypy	Schizotypy score	numeric	Schizotypy	mean sz_01: sz_18
Schizotypy (reference)	schizotypy_ref	Schizotypy reference subscale score	numeric	Schizotypy	mean sz_01: sz_09
Schizotypy (perceptual experiences)	schizotypy_percep	Schizotypy perceptual subscale score	numeric	Schizotypy	mean sz_10: sz_18
Vividness of Mental Imagery	vividness_imagery	Vividness of mental imagery score	numeric	Vividness of Mental Imagery	mean vvi_01: vvi_32
Dissociative Absorbtion	absorbtion	Dissociative absorbtion score	numeric	Dissociative Absorbtion	mean dab_01: dab_08

Belief Measures

Belief in God

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Definition	Response Options
Belief in God (categorical)	belief_god_cat	Categorical	Categorical Response to belief in god options	issp_01 default	1. I don't believe in God 2. I don't know whether there is a God, and I don't believe there is any way to find out 3. I don't believe in a personal God, but I do believe in a Higher Power of some kind 4. I find myself believing in God some of the time, but not at others 5. While I have doubts, I feel that I do believe in God. 6. I know God really exists and I have no doubt about it. 7. Don't know
Non-Belief Identity	belief_ident	Categorical	Cattegorical response to non-believers identity options	issp_02 default	1. Spiritual but not religious 2. Seeker 3. Non-religious 4. Atheist 5. Agnostic 6. Humanist 7. Sceptic 8. Free thinker 9. Rationalist 10. Secular 11. Christian 12. Muslim 13. Jewish 14. Buddhist 15. Hindu 16. Daoist 17. Shinto 18. Confucian 19. Other (please specify)
Belief in God (binary)	belief_god_bin	binary (dummy)	Categorisation of "believers" and "non-believers" from issp_01	dummy variable for yes responses to either 5 & 6 in issp_01	0,1
Belief in God (ordinal)	belief_god_con	continuous/ ordinal	Likert measure of agreement with belief in god statement.	belief_01	1 to 7
Agnosticism (ordinal)	agnosticism_cont	continuous/ ordinal	Likert scale measure of agreement with agnosticism statement.	agn_01	1 to 7
Agnostic Identity (binary)	agnosticism_bin	binary	Categorisation of "agnostics" from issp_02	dummy/index variable for response 5 in issp_02	0,1

Atheism

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Definition	Response Options
Atheist Membership	atheist_mem	Yes/no to membership of an atheist org.	binary	am_01 response	0,1
Atheist Identity	atheist_id	Categorisation of "athetists" from issp_02	binary	dummy variable from option 4 for issp_02	0,1

Religiosity

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Definition	Response Options
Religious Identification	relig_id_1	binary	Yes/no belong to a religion	rid_01 default	0,1
Religious Identity	relig_id_2	categorical	Which religion category	rid_02 default	1. Protestant 2. Catholic 3. Orthodox (e.g. Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox) 4. Sunni 5. Shiite 6.Buddhist 7. Confucian 8. Daoist 9. Hindu 10. Jewish 11. Shinto 12. Other (please specify)
Religious Attendance	relig_attend	continuous/ ordinal	Frequency of religious attendence likert scale	rp_01 default	1. More than once a week 2. Once a week 3. Once a month 4. Only on special holy days 5. Once a year 6. Less often 7. Never, practically never
Prayer Frequency	prayer_freq	continuous/ ordinal	Frequency of prayer likert scale	rp_02 default	1. Several times a day 2. Once a day 3. Several times each week 4. Only when attending religious services 5. Only on special holy days 6. Once a year 7. Less often 8. Never, practically never
Religious Objects	relig_object	categorical	Presence of religious objects	rp_03 default	1. Yes, for religious reasons 2. Yes, for non-religious reasons 3. No
Anti-religiosity	anti_relig	continuous/ ordinal	Agreement with anti-religiosity statement	ar_01 default	1 to 7
Primary Caregiver Religiosity	caregiver_relig	binary	Yes/no belong to a religion	rid_03 default	0,1
Primary Caregiver Religios Identity	caregiver_relig_id	categorical	Which religion category	rid_04 default	1. Protestant 2. Catholic 3. Orthodox (e.g. Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox) 4. Sunni 5. Shiite 6.Buddhist 7. Confucian 8. Daoist 9. Hindu 10. Jewish 11. Shinto 12. Other (please specify)
Additional Caregiver Religiousity	caregiver2_relig	binary	Yes/no belong to a religion	rid_05 default	0,1
Additional Caregiver Religiosity Identity	caregiver2_relig_id	categorical	Which religion category	rid_06 default	1. Protestant 2. Catholic 3. Orthodox (e.g. Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox) 4. Sunni 5. Shiite 6.Buddhist 7. Confucian 8. Daoist 9. Hindu 10. Jewish 11. Shinto 12. Other (please specify)

Meta-Belief

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Definition	Response Options
Possibility of Knowing (God)	god_knowing	continuous/ ordinal	Agreement with: "It is not possible to know if God exists"	belief_02 default	1 to 7
Confidence in Belief	belief_confidence	continuous/ ordinal	Agreement with: "I am confident that my beliefs about God's existence are the right ones"	conf_01 default	1 to 7
Apatheism (God)	apatheism_god	continuous/ ordinal	Agreement with: "Whether or not God exists is a question that doesn't interest me much"	apth_01 default	1 to 7
Apatheism (life purpose)	apatheism_purpose	continuous/ ordinal	Agreement with: "Whether or not there is an ultimate purpose to life is a question that doesn't interest me much."	apth_02 default	1 to 7
Apatheism (combined)	apatheism	continuous/	Mean of apatheism_god + apatheism_purpose	mean of apth_01 and apth_02	1 to 7
Possibility of Truth	truth_possibility	continuous/ ordinal	Agreement with: "For most things in the world, we will never be able to discover the real objective truth."	mean_01 default	1 to 7
Naturalism	naturalism	binary	Lack of agreement for any supernatural belief items	dummy variable = 0 for cases where any of snb items (except 16, 17) are > 4 (agreement or neither)	1 to 7

Supernatural Belief

Supernatural Belief measures use the following 1-7 scale:

Strongly Disagree	Moderately Disagree	Slightly Disagree	Neither Agree nor Disagree	Slightly Agree	Moderately Agree	Strongly Agree
1	2	3	4	5	6	7

Supernatural Belief Variables

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Definition	Response Options
Afterlife Existence	afterlife_exist	Agreement with: "There is some sort of life after death"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_01 default	1 to 7
Afterlife Punishment	afterlife_punish	Agreement with: "Some people will be punished after they die."	continuous/ ordinal	snb_13 default	1 to 7
Afterlife Reward	afterlife_reward	Agreement with: "Some people will be rewarded after they die"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_14 default	1 to 7
Reincarnation	reincarnation	Agreement with: "Sometime after I die, I expect that I'll be born again in another body."	continuous/ ordinal	snb_02 default	1 to 7
Astrology	astrology	Agreement with: "The positions of the stars and planets affect people's lives"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_03 default	1 to 7
Mystical People	msystical_people	Agreement with: "Some people have mystical powers (e.g. to heal, harm, or bring good luck)"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_04 default	1 to 7
Mystical Objects	mystical_objects	Agreement with: "Some objects have mystical powers (e.g. to heal, harm, or bring good luck)"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_05 default	1 to 7
Good and Evil	good_evil	Agreement with: "There are underlying forces of good and evil in this world."	continuous/ ordinal	snb_06 default	1 to 7
Universal spirit or life force	lifeforce	Agreement with: "There exists a universal spirit or life force."	continuous/ ordinal	snb_07 default	1 to 7
Karma	karma	Agreement with: "There is a power in the universe that causes good things to happen to people who behave morally and bad things to happen to people who behave immorally."	continuous/ ordinal	snb_08 default	1 to 7
Fate	fate	Agreement with: "Most significant life events are meant to be and happen for a reason."	continuous/ ordinal	snb_09 default	1 to 7
Supernatural Being Existence	supernat_beings	Agreement with: "Supernatural beings of some kind exist"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_10 default	1 to 7
Good Supernatural Beings	good_beings	Agreement with: "There exist supernatural beings that are good/kind (e.g. COUNTRY SPECIFIC)"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_11 default	1 to 7
Harmful Supernatural Beings	harmful_beings	Agreement with: "There exist supernatural beings that are harmful. (e.g COUNTRY SPECIFIC)"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_12 default	1 to 7
Evil Eye	evil_eye	Agreement with: "Making other people envious of you can cause illness or misfortune."	continuous/ ordinal	snb_15 default	1 to 7
Spiritual Experience (personal)	spiritual_force	Category response to: "Have you ever felt as though you were connected to a powerful spiritual force?"	continuous/ ordinal	snb_16 default	1. Yes, I've had an experience like this. 2. I've had an experience like this, but I didn't associate it with a spiritual force. 3. No, I've never had an experience like this.
Lucky Object	lucky_objects	Yes/No to: "Do you carry any objects for luck or protection?"	binary	snb_17 default	0, 1

Demographic Variables

Variable Name	Variable Label	Description	Variable Type	Definition	Response Options
Income	inc_01	Response to: "What was your household income last year, including casual and part-time income?"	ordinal/ categorical	inc_01 default	country specific brackets (see full codebook)
Years in Education	ed_01	Response to: "For how many years were you in formal education (e.g. Schools, University)?"	Continuous	ed_01 default	open response
Ethnicity	eth_01	Response to: "What is your ethnicity?"	Categorical	eth_01 default	country specific brackets (see full codebook)
Sexual Orientation	sexor_01	Response to: "Which of the following best describes your sexual orientation?"	Categorical	sexor_01 default	Heterosexual (1) Homosexual (2) Bisexual (3) Other sexual orientation (4) (please specify)
Martital Status	mar_01	Response to: " What is your marital status?"	Categorical	mar_01 default	Single, not in a committed relationship (1) Single, in a committed relationship (2) Living with a partner (3) Married or civil union (4) Divorced (5) Separated (6) Widowed (7)
Homeshooling (primary)	homeschool_p	Response to "Between the ages of 5- 10 were you homeschooled?"	Binary	homeschool_p default	yes/no
Religious Homeshooling (primary)	relig_hs_p	Response to "Was this schooling religious?"	Binary	relig_hs_p default	yes/no
Religious Primary School	relig_school_p	Response to: "Was your school(s) affiliated with a religion/faith?"	Binary	relig_school_p default	yes/no
Homeshooling (secondary)	homeschool_s	Response to "Between the ages of 11-16 were you homeschooled?"	Binary	homeschool_s default	yes/no
Religious Homeshooling (seconday)	relig_hs_s	Response to "Was this schooling religious?"	Binary	relig_hs_s default	yes/no
Religious Secondary School	relig_school_s	Response to: "Was your school(s) affiliated with a religion/faith?"	Binary	relig_school_s default	yes/no
SES	ses_01	Task, with the following response Q: "Please select where on the rung you think you stand at this time in your life relative to other people in the [COUNTRY], with 1 being the top and 10 being the bottom."	Continuous	ses_01 default	1 to 10