| Variable Name | Variable Label | Description | Variable Type | Source (Section) | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religious Emphasis | relig_emph | Religious emphasis score | numeric | Religious Emphasis | mean of re_01: re_09 |
13 Religious Emphasis
Cluster: Socialisation
13.1 Measure
Modifications
13.2 Implementation
The Religious Emphasis measure that we use vary across the countries within our survey, as such the following sections are subset by nation. Specifically we have different questions for the historically Christian nations (Brazil, Denmark, United Kingdom, United States), Japan, and China.
Question wording
Brazil, Denmark, United Kingdom, United States
| Questions | Question Text |
|---|---|
| intro | To what extent did you have an upbringing devoted to God? That is, to what extent, adding it all up, did the important people in your life – such as your parents, teachers, and church officials (if any) – do the things listed below as you were growing up? |
China
| Questions | Question Text |
|---|---|
| intro | To what extent did you have an upbringing devoted to 佛祖、真主, 上帝 或者神明? That is, to what extent, adding it all up, did the important people in your life – such as your parents, teachers, and church officials (if any) – do the things listed below as you were growing up? |
Japan
| Questions | Question Text |
|---|---|
| intro | To what extent did you have an upbringing devoted to kami? That is, to what extent, adding it all up, did the important people in your life – such as your parents, teachers, and church officials (if any) – do the things listed below as you were growing up? |
Brazil, Denmark, United Kingdom, United States
The items were as follows:
| Qlabel | question | response |
|---|---|---|
| re_01 | Review the teachings of Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism or another similar tradition at home? | extent |
| re_02 | Emphasize that you should read scripture or books associated with Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism or another similar tradition? | extent |
| re_03 | Discuss moral do’s and don’ts in relation to God? | extent |
| re_04 | Tell stories about God? | extent |
| re_05 | Talk about the afterlife? | extent |
| re_06 | Emphasise that spiritual matters were of high importance? | extent |
| re_07 | Relate stories about God to contemporary life? | extent |
| re_08 | Teach you to obey the wishes of God? | extent |
| re_09 | Teach you to obey the persons who act as representatives of God (e.g. priests, ministers, rabbis, imams, etc.)? | extent |
China
The question items were as follows:
| Qlabel | question | response |
|---|---|---|
| re_01 | Review the teachings of Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism, Christianity, Islam or other spiritual authorities at home? | extent |
| re_02 | Emphasize that you should read scripture or books associated with Buddhism, Daoism, Confucianism, Christianity, Islam or other spiritual authorities? | extent |
| re_03 | Discuss moral do’s and don’ts in relation to 佛祖、真主, 上帝 或者神明? | extent |
| re_04 | Tell stories about 佛祖、真主, 上帝 或者神明? | extent |
| re_05 | Talk about the afterlife? | extent |
| re_06 | Emphasise that spiritual matters were of high importance? | extent |
| re_07 | Relate stories about 佛祖、真主, 上帝 或者神明 to contemporary life? | extent |
| re_08 | Teach you to obey the wishes of 佛祖、真主, 上帝 或者神明? | extent |
| re_09 | Teach you to obey the persons who act as representatives of 佛祖、真主, 上帝 或者神明 (e.g. priests, ministers, spiritual teachers, gurus, monks, etc.)? | extent |
Japan
The question items were as follows:
| Qlabel | question | response |
|---|---|---|
| re_01 | Review the teachings of Buddhism, Shinto, or another spiritual authority at home? | extent |
| re_02 | Emphasize that you should read scripture or books associated with Buddhism, Shinto, or another spiritual authority? | extent |
| re_03 | Discuss moral do’s and don’ts in relation to the kami? | extent |
| re_04 | Tell stories about the kami? | extent |
| re_05 | Talk about the afterlife? | extent |
| re_06 | Emphasise that spiritual matters were of high importance? | extent |
| re_07 | Relate stories about the kami to contemporary life? | extent |
| re_08 | Teach you to obey the wishes of the kami? | extent |
| re_09 | Teach you to obey the persons who act as representatives of the kami (e.g. priests, monks, ministers, spiritual teachers, etc.) | extent |
Coding
This measure used our standard response scale for extent.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| To No Extent At All | To a Slight Extent | To a Mild Extent | To a Moderate Extent | To an Appreciable Extent | To a Considerable Extent | To a Great Extent |
No items are reverse coded
Scoring
The following variables were derived from this measure.